ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type-2 is a major public health concern worldwide. Not much information is available with regard to the incidence of DM in United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed at determining the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus among Emirati population in Ajman, UAE. This is a retrospective cohort study. METHODS: This study was conducted in all primary health care centers and Shaikh Khalifa and GMC Hospitals, Ajman, UAE where the Emirati population primarily go for diagnosis and treatment. The incident cases of diabetes mellitus were collected during the period 2010 January to December. RESULTS: A total of 158 cases newly detected in 2010, 54 were among non-Emiratis and one was type-1 diabetes. Eliminating these, the remaining 101 were included in the analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 23 years to 78 years; 35 (34.7%) males and 66 (65.3%) were females. The overall incidence observed was 4.8/1,000 person-years (PY) with a female predominance of 6.3/1,000 PY against incidence among males of 3.3/1,000 PY. With regard to age specific incidence rate among males, it increases with age till 60 years and then showed a decreasing trend. Among females also the same trend was observed but not as similar to males. CONCLUSION: The highest incidence rate was observed in the 55-59 age group among males, 23.4/1,000 PY and females, 32.4/1,000 PY. Among males the incidence rate was much less compared to females in-the age groups older than 59 years.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cohort Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diagnosis , Incidence , Primary Health Care , Public Health , Retrospective Studies , United Arab EmiratesABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus [DM], particularly type-2 is a major public health concern worldwide. Studies from UAE report that among the total cases of DM, 31% are type-2. Not much information is available with regard to the incidence of DM in UAE. This study aimed at determining the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus among Emirati population in Ajman, UAE. This study was conducted in all PHCs [Madinath, Hamidiya, Musherif, Muzeireh and Manama] and Khalifa and GMC hospitals, Ajman, UAE where the Emirati population primarily go for diagnosis and treatment. The incident cases of diabetes mellitus were collected during the period 2010 January to December. From the case files of 2010, data was abstracted / extracted retrospectively, for all those who were newly diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus. A total of 158 cases detected in 2010, 54 were among non-Emiratis and one was type-1 diabetes. Eliminating these, the remaining 101 were included in the analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 23 years to 78 years; 35 [34.7%] males and 66 [65.3%] were females. The overall incidence observed was 4.8/1000PY with a female predominance of 6.3/1000PY against incidence among males of 3.3/1000PY. With regard to age specific incidence rate among males, it increases with age till 60 years and then showed a decreasing trend. Among females also the same trend was observed but not as similar to males. The highest incidence rate was observed in the 55-59 aged groups among males, 23.4/1000PY and females, 32.4/1000PY. Among males the incidence rate was much less compared to females in - the age groups older than 59 years. Studies from other parts of the world report incidence rates, 4.3/1000PY [UK-2005], 5.3/1000PY [USA-2004] and 6.3/1000PY [Canada-2011]. This study also observed a similar incidence
ABSTRACT
Serum soluble IL-2 receptors [sIL2R] levels and Fas-ligand [Fas-L] expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] were determined in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] to assess whether there was any relationship between them and disease activity. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant assay [ELISA] technique was done on serum samples collected from 36 SLE patients and 25 healthy controls for determination of sIL2R level. RT-PCR was done also on PBMC samples collected from the same patients and controls for detection ofFas-L mRNA. We found significant increase of sIL2R in the SLE group [327.6 +/- 73.5 pg/ml] compared to healthy controls [119.7 _ 12.6 pg/ml] [p<0.001]. Levels of sIL2R were found to correlate significantly with clinical manifestation and serological markers of active SLE: fatigue [p<0.05], renal involvement [p<0.01], pulmonary involvement [p<0.05], high levels ofanti-ds DNA antibody [p<0.001] and high C3 level [p<0.0001]. Fas-L mRNA was expressed in PBMC from [88.9%] SLE patients and not detected in healthy controls. Fas-L positive SLE patients correlate significantly with clinical manifestation and serological markers of active SLE: fatigue [p<0.0001], rash [p<0.05], renal affection [p<0.001], high levels ofanti-ds DNA antibody [p<0.0001] and high C3 level [p<0.0001]. Levels ofsIL2R and Fas-L expression correlate significantly with disease activity [p<0.001, 0.001, 0.05, 0.005, respectively]. these findings indicate that sIL2R represent a new early useful serological marker to monitor disease activity in SLE patients. Fas-L expression increased in SLE patients, this increasing was in parallel to disease activity, so it is used as late marker to monitor the severity of the disease